Timeless Instruction Set

• Click on the instruction names for more information about the instruction and its properties.
• Read the full story behind the instruction set in Foundations of Computer Science.

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all computational infrastructural arithmetic relational boolean control-flow block expression structural data conversion processing-unit disk clock screen processing-unit-controller keyboard audio

Mnemonic	Name	Arguments	Type	Categories
add	Add	x = a + b	Computational	arithmetic
sub	Subtract	x = a - b	Computational	arithmetic
mul	Multiply	x = a * b	Computational	arithmetic
div	Divide	x = a / b	Computational	arithmetic
pow	Exponentiate	x = a ^ b	Computational	arithmetic
mod	Modulus	x = a % b	Computational	arithmetic
max	Maximum	x = max(a, b)	Computational	arithmetic
min	Minimum	x = min(a, b)	Computational	arithmetic
neg	Negate	x = -a	Computational	arithmetic
pos	Positive	x = +a	Computational	arithmetic
sqrt	Square Root	x = sqrt(a)	Computational	arithmetic
rnd	Round	x = round(a)	Computational	arithmetic
flr	Floor	x = floor(a)	Computational	arithmetic
cil	Ceil	x = ceil(a)	Computational	arithmetic
tnc	Truncate	x = truncate(a)	Computational	arithmetic
abs	Absolute	x = abs(a)	Computational	arithmetic
log	Logarithm	x = log(a)	Computational	arithmetic
ln	Natural Logarithm	x = ln(a)	Computational	arithmetic
sin	Sine	x = sin(a)	Computational	arithmetic
cos	Cosine	x = cos(a)	Computational	arithmetic
tan	Tangent	x = tan(a)	Computational	arithmetic
asin	Arc Sine	x = asin(a)	Computational	arithmetic
acos	Arc Cosine	x = acos(a)	Computational	arithmetic
atan	Arc Tangent	x = atan(a)	Computational	arithmetic
exp	Exponential	x = exp(a)	Computational	arithmetic
eq	Equals	x = a = b	Computational	relational
neq	Unequals	x = a != b	Computational	relational
lt	Less Than	x = a < b	Computational	relational
lte	Less Than or Equal	x = a <= b	Computational	relational
gt	Greater Than	x = a > b	Computational	relational
gte	Greater Than or Equal	x = a >= b	Computational	relational
and	And	x = a & b	Computational	boolean
or	Or	x = a | b	Computational	boolean
not	Not	x = !a	Computational	boolean
if	If	if a {	Computational	control-flow block
else	Else	} else {	Computational	control-flow block
loop	Loop	loop {	Computational	control-flow block
init	Begin Loop Initialization Block	(block)	Computational	block
inc	Begin Loop Increment Block	(block)	Computational	block
call	Call	f(fss)	Computational	control-flow block
fnc	Begin Function Block	function f {	Computational	block
ret	Return	return a	Computational	control-flow block
bgs	Begin Structure Block	struct {	Computational	block
endb	End Block	}	Computational	block
par	Parenthesis	x = (a)	Computational	expression
mov	Copy	x = a	Computational	data
len	Length	x = a.length	Computational	structural
idr	Read Array at Index	x = a[b]	Computational	structural
idw	Write Array at Index	x[a] = b	Computational	structural
acw	Write Accessed Structure	x.a = b	Computational	structural
acr	Read Accessed Structure	x = a.b	Computational	structural
cvt	Convert	x = (type)a	Computational	conversion
new	Allocate Structure	x = new S	Computational	data
nwa	Allocate Primitive Array	x = new type[b]	Computational	data
nsa	Allocate Structure Array	x = new S[a]	Computational	data
del	Deallocate Structure	delete a	Computational	data
dla	Deallocate Array	delete [] a	Computational	data
num	Number Entry	number a	Computational	structure
bl	Boolean Entry	boolean a	Computational	structure
chr	Character Entry	char a	Computational	structure
str	Structure Entry	S a	Computational	structure
nma	Number Array Entry	number [] a	Computational	structure
bla	Boolean Array Entry	boolean [] a	Computational	structure
cha	Character Array Entry	char [] a	Computational	structure
sta	Structure Array Entry	S [] a	Computational	structure
pcl	Call Processing Unit	res = Call(dev, req)	Infrastructural	processing-unit
snd	Send to Processing Unit	Send(dev, data)	Infrastructural	processing-unit
rcv	Receive from Processing Unit	data = Receive(dev)	Infrastructural	processing-unit
chk	Check	x = Check(dev)	Infrastructural	processing-unit
chs	Check Send	x, y = CheckSend(dev)	Infrastructural	processing-unit
srv-snd	Server Send	ServerSend(dev, data)	Infrastructural	processing-unit
srv-rcv	Server Receive	data = ServerReceive(dev)	Infrastructural	processing-unit
srv-chk	Server Check	x = ServerCheck(dev)	Infrastructural	processing-unit
srv-chs	Server Check Send	x, y = ServerCheckSend(dev)	Infrastructural	processing-unit
dsp	Get Disk Entry Specifications	e, s = DiskSpecs(dev)	Infrastructural	disk
drd	Read Disk Entry	x, data = ReadDisk(dev, n)	Infrastructural	disk
dwr	Write Disk Entry	x = WriteDisk(dev, n, data)	Infrastructural	disk
csp	Get Clock Resolution and Range	res, range = ClockSpecs(dev)	Infrastructural	clock
ctm	Get Current Time	x = Time(dev, res)	Infrastructural	clock
spc	Get Screen Specifications	w, h, d = ScreenSpecs(dev)	Infrastructural	screen
sdsp	Display Image	Display(dev, img)	Infrastructural	screen
syn	Synchronize Image	Sync(dev)	Infrastructural	screen
psp	Get Processing Unit Controller Specifications	pus, progs = PUSpecs(dev)	Infrastructural	processing-unit-controller
psta	Start Processing Unit	Start(dev, n)	Infrastructural	processing-unit-controller
pstp	Stop Processing Unit	Stop(dev, n)	Infrastructural	processing-unit-controller
pse	Set Program	x = Execute(dev, n, p)	Infrastructural	processing-unit-controller
pex	Was Exception	x = Exception(dev, n)	Infrastructural	processing-unit-controller
ksp	Get Keyboard Specifications	characters, ctrlkeys, maxhistory = KBSpecs(dev)	Infrastructural	keyboard
kst	Get Keyboard State	keys, state, length = Keys(dev)	Infrastructural	keyboard
asp	Get Audio Specifications	dens, mindelay = AudioSpecs(dev)	Infrastructural	audio
acd	Get Current Delay	x = AudioDelay(dev)	Infrastructural	audio
aws	Write Audio Samples	x = WriteAudio(dev, samples)	Infrastructural	audio